Introduction

Cheilospirura, Streptocara, and Histiocephalus are nematode worm parasites of chickens. Cheilospirura and Streptocara are seen worldwide but Histiocephalus is restricted to Europe. Grasshoppers, weevils, beetles etc act as intermediate hosts. They are more common in free-range birds because of their increased access to intermediate hosts.

Signs

• Depression.
• Loss in condition and weight.
• Slow growth.

Post-mortem lesions

• Ulceration, necrosis and partial sloughing of gizzard lining, muscular wall may be sacculated or ruptured.
• Adults are 2-4 cm long and usually bright red.

Diagnosis

Lesions, confirmation of presence of the worms.

Treatment

Levamisole, benzimidazoles such as flubendazole.

Prevention

Prevention of access to intermediate hosts, routine worming.