About 59,000 meatpacking workers were infected with COVID-19 through January at US plants run by Smithfield, Tyson, JBS, Cargill Inc and National Beef Packing Company , a US House of Representatives subcommittee report said in October in the most comprehensive data to date.

Smithfield said it invested more than $800 million to protect employees from COVID-19 and follows federal health and safety guidelines.

The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration cited Smithfield in 2020 for failing to protect Sioux Falls workers from COVID-19 and said last month the company agreed to assess its operating procedures as part of a settlement. Smithfield said the citation was without merit last year.

Along with masks, Smithfield uses barriers between work stations and social distancing "when feasible" to keep employees safe, spokesman Jim Monroe said.

"We have in no way rolled back COVID-19 safety protocols," he said. "We are confident that our protective measures are effective in mitigating COVID-19 illness among our employees."

A Smithfield plant in Vernon, California, operating under the name Farmer John, stopped having employees work as social distance monitors roughly three months ago, said Darryl Blackwell, a UFCW steward who slices fat from pork in the plant. He would like to see them return.

"It's pretty much do whatever you want as far as the social distancing," he said. "With this new variant, you just can't be too cautious."

Smithfield confirmed it shifted monitors' duties to other workers. The company did not provide data about vaccination rates. It said Smithfield hosted about 200 on-site vaccine drives that include boosters and that shots are widely available.

"Our vaccination and case rates are excellent," Monroe said.

Motley estimated the South Dakota plant is about 60% vaccinated, compared with a rate of about 65% nationwide. He and Blackwell said boosters had not been offered at their facilities.

Rival meat processor JBS USA, owned by Brazil's JBS SA , started staggering employees' break times at slaughterhouses last year as a way to promote physical distancing. In July 2021, the company stopped the practice at a massive beef plant in Greeley, Colorado, the UFCW Local 7 union branch that represents plant workers said.

"Unless they do reconstruction of the plant or they slow down the line speeds, they're still elbow-to-elbow in the plant," said Kim Cordova, president of UFCW Local 7.

Company spokeswoman Nikki Richardson said JBS kept the vast majority of COVID-19 protocols in place and adjusts procedures as it evaluates cases among employees and in the community.

The Greeley plant has reported more than 400 cases of COVID-19 among workers, including 19 since 25 October 2021, state data shows.

JBS said the Greeley plant has an 80% vaccination rate and 35% have received boosters, while 86% of all its workers are vaccinated. New hires must be vaccinated.

Tyson Foods, the only major meatpacker that requires vaccinations for all workers, has said its rate exceeds 96% and plants have started offering boosters.

A worker at a Tyson chicken plant in Rogers, Arkansas, said management told him the plant stopped having employees monitor social distancing.

The monitors' duties were shifted to plant leadership and maintenance staff, Tyson spokesman Derek Burleson said. Facilities also have signs encouraging social distancing, he said.

Another chicken processor, Wayne Farms, has a vaccination rate of only 31% at a plant in Decatur, Alabama, and 42% companywide, spokesman Frank Singleton said. The Decatur plant has not reported positive COVID-19 cases since 22 November, he said on Friday.

Wayne Farms formerly paid Mona Darby, who has worked at the Decatur plant for 34 years, to come to work 20 to 30 minutes early to enforce proper mask-wearing as other employees arrived, she said. Darby estimated that half of the workers wore their masks correctly over their noses and mouths.

The company halted that role and stopped staggering breaks for employees over the summer, said Darby, also a local leader for the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union.

Singleton said Darby's assistance was not needed because almost all workers comply with a requirement to wear masks.

The Decatur plant operates two production lines, down from five lines prior to the pandemic, because employees have quit, Darby said.

The company confirmed it operates two lines and has been impacted by a labor shortage, but said it still processes the same number ofchickens daily.

"They just can't get nobody to stay," Darby said.

Now, that role no longer exists, the company confirmed.

The plant gradually moved employees who worked as safety monitors to other positions, said BJ Motley, president of the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) union branch that represents Smithfield workers in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

Smithfield, which is owned by Hong Kong-listed WH Group Ltd , said it shifted the monitors' duties to other personnel starting in the second quarter of this year because COVID-19 safety protocols became "second nature" and vaccines were available, reported Reuters. As for cleaning, the company said facilities are "routinely sanitized for food safety reasons."

Across the country, US meat and chicken plants that reported some of the country's largest coronavirus outbreaks last year have eased or adjusted protective measures implemented near the start of the pandemic, according to interviews with 10 plant employees, union officials and advocates for workers.

Safety concerns in slaughterhouses, where employees are often in close quarters, have made it harder for meat processors to hire and retain workers at a time when labor is already scarce and demand is booming.

Meat companies including Smithfield, Tyson Foods Inc and JBS USA say employee health is a top priority and that they require masks in plants, even though many states have relaxed COVID-19 mask and social distancing rules.

Workers and advocates say the companies could do more as the contagious Omicron variant rages and soaring meat prices boost profits.

"We don't have anybody monitoring social distancing. We don't have anybody wiping tables down. It's really back to normal," Motley said.

About 59,000 meatpacking workers were infected with COVID-19 through January at US plants run by Smithfield, Tyson, JBS, Cargill Inc and National Beef Packing Company , a US House of Representatives subcommittee report said in October in the most comprehensive data to date.

Smithfield said it invested more than $800 million to protect employees from COVID-19 and follows federal health and safety guidelines.

The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration cited Smithfield in 2020 for failing to protect Sioux Falls workers from COVID-19 and said last month the company agreed to assess its operating procedures as part of a settlement. Smithfield said the citation was without merit last year.

Along with masks, Smithfield uses barriers between work stations and social distancing "when feasible" to keep employees safe, spokesman Jim Monroe said.

"We have in no way rolled back COVID-19 safety protocols," he said. "We are confident that our protective measures are effective in mitigating COVID-19 illness among our employees."

A Smithfield plant in Vernon, California, operating under the name Farmer John, stopped having employees work as social distance monitors roughly three months ago, said Darryl Blackwell, a UFCW steward who slices fat from pork in the plant. He would like to see them return.

"It's pretty much do whatever you want as far as the social distancing," he said. "With this new variant, you just can't be too cautious."

Smithfield confirmed it shifted monitors' duties to other workers. The company did not provide data about vaccination rates. It said Smithfield hosted about 200 on-site vaccine drives that include boosters and that shots are widely available.

"Our vaccination and case rates are excellent," Monroe said.

Motley estimated the South Dakota plant is about 60% vaccinated, compared with a rate of about 65% nationwide. He and Blackwell said boosters had not been offered at their facilities.

Rival meat processor JBS USA, owned by Brazil's JBS SA , started staggering employees' break times at slaughterhouses last year as a way to promote physical distancing. In July 2021, the company stopped the practice at a massive beef plant in Greeley, Colorado, the UFCW Local 7 union branch that represents plant workers said.

"Unless they do reconstruction of the plant or they slow down the line speeds, they're still elbow-to-elbow in the plant," said Kim Cordova, president of UFCW Local 7.

Company spokeswoman Nikki Richardson said JBS kept the vast majority of COVID-19 protocols in place and adjusts procedures as it evaluates cases among employees and in the community.

The Greeley plant has reported more than 400 cases of COVID-19 among workers, including 19 since 25 October 2021, state data shows.

JBS said the Greeley plant has an 80% vaccination rate and 35% have received boosters, while 86% of all its workers are vaccinated. New hires must be vaccinated.

Tyson Foods, the only major meatpacker that requires vaccinations for all workers, has said its rate exceeds 96% and plants have started offering boosters.

A worker at a Tyson chicken plant in Rogers, Arkansas, said management told him the plant stopped having employees monitor social distancing.

The monitors' duties were shifted to plant leadership and maintenance staff, Tyson spokesman Derek Burleson said. Facilities also have signs encouraging social distancing, he said.

Another chicken processor, Wayne Farms, has a vaccination rate of only 31% at a plant in Decatur, Alabama, and 42% companywide, spokesman Frank Singleton said. The Decatur plant has not reported positive COVID-19 cases since 22 November, he said on Friday.

Wayne Farms formerly paid Mona Darby, who has worked at the Decatur plant for 34 years, to come to work 20 to 30 minutes early to enforce proper mask-wearing as other employees arrived, she said. Darby estimated that half of the workers wore their masks correctly over their noses and mouths.

The company halted that role and stopped staggering breaks for employees over the summer, said Darby, also a local leader for the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union.

Singleton said Darby's assistance was not needed because almost all workers comply with a requirement to wear masks.

The Decatur plant operates two production lines, down from five lines prior to the pandemic, because employees have quit, Darby said.

The company confirmed it operates two lines and has been impacted by a labor shortage, but said it still processes the same number ofchickens daily.

"They just can't get nobody to stay," Darby said.